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Actually, people living in big cities should be aware that they might be involuntarily exposed to high levels of noise coming from different sources.
![white noise truerta white noise truerta](https://trueaudio.com/images/rta_level_2_sm.png)
However, whereas exposure to occupational noise seems to be one of the main causes of disabling hearing loss, limited data are available concerning the effects of noise exposure on everyday lives of the ordinary population ( Kopke et al., 2007). Moreover, it could be hypothesized that damage to younger individuals could be more easily prevented by a housing manipulation.ĭata from the literature have shown that exposure to noise could be capable to induce damage to the auditory system ( Frenzilli et al., 2004 Gourévitch et al., 2014) as well as to structures of different extra-auditory tissues, such as brain structures (prefrontal cortex and hippocampus), cardiac tissues or adrenal and thyroid glands ( Trapanotto et al., 2004 Manikandan et al., 2006 Uran et al., 2010 Gannouni et al., 2013 Molina et al., 2016a Miceli et al., 2018). These findings suggest that animals become less susceptible to undergo behavioral alterations after repeated exposure to an environmental challenge, probably due to the ability of adaptation to an unfavorable condition. Housing animals in an enriched environment for 1 week was effective in preventing most of these changes. In addition, a significant increase in Trx-1 levels was found in all noise-exposed groups housed in standard cages.
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Whereas no changes in the auditory function were observed, significant behavioral differences were found, that varied according to the age, scheme of exposure and housing condition. One week later, auditory and behavioral assessments, as well as measurement of hippocampal thioredoxin, were performed. Upon weaning, some animals were transferred to an enriched cage for 1 week, whereas others were kept in standard cages. Developing male Wistar rats were exposed to noise for 2 h, either once or for 5 days. In addition, the possibility that oxidative changes could underlie hippocampal-related behavioral changes was also analyzed. Thus, the aim of the present work was to reveal novel data about hippocampal oxidative state through the measurement of possible age-related differences in the levels of hippocampal thioredoxins in rats exposed to noise at different developmental ages and subjected to different schemes and housing conditions. However, neither the effect of repeated exposures nor its impact on key endogenous antioxidants had been studied yet.